The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark policy rate to 1% on June 16, its highest level since 1995. And if economists are right, the central bank isn’t done yet.

A Reuters poll of economists found that roughly two-thirds expect another hike to 1.25% in the fourth quarter of 2026, with rates potentially reaching 1.50% by the second quarter of 2027.

What happened and why it matters

The June rate increase of 25 basis points moved the policy rate from 0.75% to 1.0%, continuing a normalization journey that began when the BOJ ended negative interest rates back in 2024. The incremental pace has been deliberate: a hike in December 2025, a hold in April 2026 (in a split 6-3 vote that telegraphed June’s move), and now this latest step.

The April meeting’s split vote was the clearest signal that June was live. Three of nine board members wanted to move immediately.

For the BOJ, the motivation is straightforward: inflation risks tied to rising energy prices.

Bitcoin’s surprising calm, and why it might not last

Bitcoin traded in the $65,600 to $66,000 range following the rate announcement, posting slight gains rather than the sharp selloff that history would suggest.

Historical data shows drawdowns of 18% to 32% in the weeks following past BOJ tightening moves. The mechanism is the yen carry trade: investors borrow cheaply in yen to fund positions in higher-yielding assets, including crypto. When Japanese rates rise, those trades start unwinding, and the selling pressure cascades through risk markets.

Part of the calm this time appears to be the BOJ’s relatively dovish posture on bond purchases: even as the central bank raises short-term rates, it’s signaling that it won’t aggressively drain liquidity from the system. The other factor is positioning — markets had weeks to prepare after the split April vote.

The BOJ’s projected path from 1.0% to 1.25% and eventually 1.50% means more carry trade pressure is coming. Each incremental hike raises the cost of yen-funded leverage across global markets.

The bigger picture for crypto investors

What investors should actually watch is the yen itself. A strengthening yen, the natural consequence of higher Japanese rates, is the transmission mechanism that unwinds carry trades and pressures global risk assets. If the yen rallies sharply into a Q4 rate hike, the 18-32% drawdown pattern from previous BOJ tightening cycles becomes a lot more relevant than one day of post-announcement stability.

The median economist expectation of 1.25% by Q4 2026 and 1.50% by Q2 2027 gives crypto traders a rough timeline to work with.