The White House announced the creation of two new bilateral bodies, a US-China Board of Trade and a parallel Board of Investment, designed to bring some structure to the increasingly chaotic commercial relationship between Washington and Beijing.

What the boards actually do

The Board of Trade has a deceptively simple mandate: figure out which products can still be exchanged between the US and China amid escalating tensions. That means creating categories of goods that get favorable treatment versus those that remain restricted, particularly sensitive technologies and advanced chips.

The approach has been described as a “tariff canyon” policy. Approved goods would face lower tariffs, while restricted goods, especially in the semiconductor and advanced technology space, would continue to face steep duties. The gap between those two tariff levels is the canyon.

The Board of Investment, meanwhile, is a slower-moving body focused on resolving investment disputes between the two countries. This tracks with a growing list of grievances on both sides, from US export controls on advanced chips to China’s retaliatory restrictions on rare earth minerals that are critical for everything from electric vehicles to defense systems.

The initial scope of the Board of Trade could cover roughly $30 billion to $40 billion in imports, a meaningful but not transformative slice of the overall US-China trade relationship.

Who’s running the show

The key players on the US side include US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, and their counterpart Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng.

Bessent’s role through the Treasury side brings the investment angle into focus. The Treasury Department has been increasingly active in screening Chinese investments in the US and restricting American capital flows into certain Chinese technology sectors.

On the Chinese side, Vice Premier He Lifeng has been Beijing’s primary economic interlocutor with Washington, handling much of the back-channel communication during recent tariff escalations.

Why this matters for markets

The “tariff canyon” approach is worth watching closely. If implemented effectively, it could create a two-tier system where most consumer and industrial goods flow relatively freely while technology-adjacent products face continued restrictions.

The $30 billion to $40 billion initial scope is modest enough to be achievable but large enough to matter for the specific industries involved. Investors should pay attention to which product categories end up in the “approved” lane versus the “restricted” lane, as those decisions will create winners and losers across supply chains that ultimately affect publicly traded companies.