Bitcoin logo (public domain), by Grayliptrot via Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)
CIA deputy director says Bitcoin is a tool for intelligence collection
Michael Ellis called Bitcoin pseudonymous rather than anonymous and said the agency can use it to gather intelligence on adversaries
Bitcoin was sold to many early adopters as digital cash that nobody could trace. The CIA’s second-in-command would like a word.
CIA Deputy Director Michael Ellis said in a May 1, 2025 podcast interview that Bitcoin is not truly anonymous, and that US intelligence uses it to collect information on adversaries. For anyone still treating the network as a privacy cloak, that is an awkward thing to hear from a spy agency.
What Ellis actually said
Ellis described Bitcoin as “pseudonymous” rather than anonymous. The difference matters more than it sounds.
On Bitcoin, activity is tied to addresses rather than legal names. Ellis’s point is that the gap between an address and a real person can be closed, and authorities are working to close it.
According to Ellis, that gap is what lets US authorities follow illicit activity connected to adversaries. He named drug cartels and terrorist organizations as examples of the groups whose crypto use can be tracked.
“We can disrupt our adversaries’ use of it and we can use these technologies to collect more intelligence.”
That one sentence covers two separate jobs. One is defensive: interfering with how hostile groups move money. The other is offensive: treating the transactions themselves as a source of intelligence.
Ellis also placed Bitcoin inside a broader technology competition with countries like China. In his framing, crypto is one more front in a contest over which nations master emerging tech.
He also pointed to growing institutional adoption and offered a blunt assessment: “Bitcoin is here to stay.”
The news moving money, markets, and the world—before your day starts.
Daily. Free. Join 34,000+ readers across crypto, finance, and policy.
How we got here
Ellis was sworn in as CIA Deputy Director on February 10, 2025. His podcast remarks came less than three months into the job.
The views are not new inside the intelligence community. Former Acting CIA Director Michael Morell praised blockchain analytics tools like Chainalysis in a 2021 analysis, crediting them with helping efforts against illicit finance.
The CIA also works with law enforcement to trace illicit payments made with digital assets. Ellis’s comments put a more public face on that cooperation.
Blockchain analytics firms essentially do pattern recognition at scale. They cluster addresses, map flows between them, and flag links to known entities, turning a stream of pseudonymous transactions into something closer to a readable map.
What this means for Bitcoin holders and the market
The most direct implication is for privacy expectations. Anyone who assumed Bitcoin transactions were invisible to governments now has a CIA official stating plainly that they are not.
For bad actors, the message is sharper. A senior official is publicly signaling that the agency treats their transactions as an intelligence feed.
The CIA’s framing of Bitcoin as a national security tool may lift institutional confidence and potentially strengthen its standing with the public and regulators. An asset the intelligence community expects to persist, and is actively building capabilities around, is harder to dismiss as a passing fad.
The China framing deserves attention too. Once a technology gets folded into great-power competition, policy around it tends to be shaped by security priorities as much as by financial regulators.
The practical takeaway for market participants is to separate two questions that often get blurred. Whether Bitcoin is here to stay, as Ellis put it, is one question, and whether using it is private is another, and the CIA’s answer to the second is clearly no.